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Performance of soft-hard-soft (SHS) cement based composite subjected to blast loading with consideration

Jun WU,Xuemei LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 323-340 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0301-2

摘要： This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical study on the damage and performance of a soft-hard-soft (SHS) multi-layer cement based composite subjected to blast loading which can be used for protective structures and infrastructures to resist extreme loadings, and the composite consists of three layers of construction materials including asphalt concrete (AC) on the top, high strength concrete (HSC) in the middle, and engineered cementitious composites (ECC) at the bottom. To better characterize the material properties under dynamic loading, interface properties of the composite were investigated through direct shear test and also used to validate the interface model. Strain rate effects of the asphalt concrete were also studied and both compressive and tensile dynamic increase factor (DIF) curves were improved based on split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test. A full-scale field blast test investigated the blast behavior of the composite materials. The numerical model was established by taking into account the strain rate effect of all concrete materials. Furthermore, the interface properties were also considered into the model. The numerical simulation using nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA agrees closely with the experimental data. Both the numerical and field blast test indicated that the SHS composite exhibited high resistance against blast loading.

关键词： high strength concrete (SHS)     engineered cementitious composite     interface     blast test     strain rate effect    

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Dynamic failure analysis of concrete dams under air blast using coupled Euler-Lagrange finite element

Farhoud KALATEH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 15-37 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0465-7

摘要： In this study, the air blast response of the concrete dams including dam-reservoir interaction and acoustic cavitation in the reservoir is investigated. The finite element (FE) developed code are used to build three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of concrete dams. A fully coupled Euler-Lagrange formulation has been adopted herein. A previous developed model including the strain rate effects is employed to model the concrete material behavior subjected to blast loading. In addition, a one-fluid cavitating model is employed for the simulation of acoustic cavitation in the fluid domain. A parametric study is conducted to evaluate the effects of the air blast loading on the response of concrete dam systems. Hence, the analyses are performed for different heights of dam and different values of the charge distance from the charge center. Numerical results revealed that 1) concrete arch dams are more vulnerable to air blast loading than concrete gravity dams; 2) reservoir has mitigation effect on the response of concrete dams; 3) acoustic cavitation intensify crest displacement of concrete dams.

关键词： air blast loading     concrete dams     finite element     dam-reservoir interaction     cavitation     concrete damage model    

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Development of dimensionless P-I diagram for curved SCS sandwich shell subjected to uniformly distributed blast

Yonghui WANG, Ximei ZHAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第6期   页码 1432-1445 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0566-y

摘要： The curved steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich shell was recently proposed to resist blast loading and it showed better blast resistant performance as compared to flat SCS sandwich shell via developing compressive force along the shell. In this paper, a dimensionless Pressure-Impulse (P-I) diagram was constructed as a convenient tool to predict the damage level of curved SCS sandwich shell subjected to uniformly distributed blast loading. The curved SCS sandwich shell was equivalent to a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system and the equation of motion was established by employing the Lagrange’s equation. To construct the dimensionless P-I diagram, the energy balance method was utilized to yield the pressure and impulse asymptotes and the responses in the dynamic response regime were obtained via employing the SDOF method. Then, the finite element method was employed to validate the developed dimensionless P-I diagram. Finally, the procedures of using the constructed dimensionless P-I diagram to quickly conduct the blast resistant design of curved SCS sandwich shell were presented.

关键词： blast loading     curved steel-concrete-steel sandwich shell     Pressure-Impulse diagram     single-degree-of-freedom method     finite element analysis    

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Dynamic material performance of cold-formed steel hollow sections: a state-of-the-art review

Cameron B. RITCHIE, Jeffrey A. PACKER, Xiao-Ling ZHAO, Amin HEIDARPOUR, Yiyi CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 209-227 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0388-8

摘要： This paper presents a literature review focused on the material performance of cold-formed, carbon steel, hollow structural sections under impulsive (highly dynamic) loading. Impulsive loading, represented by impact and blast, is characterized by a very rapid, time-dependent loading regime in the affected members and materials. Thus, the effect of high-strain-rate loading is initially reviewed. Next the material toughness, an important energy-absorption property and one measure of a material’s ability to arrest fracture, is considered by means of studying the Charpy V-notch behavior. The response of hollow sections under axial and lateral impact loading is then reviewed. ??Studies of blast on hollow sections, most of which fall under the categories of contact/near-field loading or far-field loading are presented. Under large-scale field blast experiments, cold-formed hollow sections have shown excellent behavior. Software for modeling blast loading and structural response, the latter including single degree of freedom analysis and explicit finite element analysis, is described and discussed.

关键词： cold-formed steel     hollow structural sections     composites     impulsive loading     impact     blast     experimentation     analysis     material properties    

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Simplified theoretical analysis and numerical study on the dynamic behavior of FCP under blast loads

Chunfeng ZHAO, Xin YE, Avinash GAUTAM, Xin LU, Y. L. MO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 983-997 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0633-4

摘要： Precast concrete structures have developed rapidly in the last decades due to the advantages of better quality, non-pollution and fast construction with respect to conventional cast-in-place structures. In the present study, a theoretical model and nonlinear 3D model are developed and established to assess the dynamic behavior of precast concrete slabs under blast load. At first, the 3D model is validated by an experiment performed by other researchers. The verified model is adopted to investigate the blast performance of fabricated concrete panels (FCPs) in terms of parameters of the explosive charge, panel thickness, and reinforcement ratio. Finally, a simplified theoretical model of the FCP under blast load is developed to predict the maximum deflection. It is indicated that the theoretical model can precisely predict the maximum displacement of FCP under blast loads. The results show that the failure modes of the panels varied from bending failure to shear failure with the mass of TNT increasing. The thickness of the panel, reinforcement ratio, and explosive charges have significant effects on the anti-blast capacity of the FCPs.

关键词： precast structure     fabricated concrete panel     blast resistance     theory model     empirical equation    

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enhanced damage plasticity model for predicting the cyclic behavior of plain concrete under multiaxial loading

Mohammad Reza AZADI KAKAVAND, Ertugrul TACIROGLU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 1531-1544 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0675-7

摘要： Some of the current concrete damage plasticity models in the literature employ a single damage variable for both the tension and compression regimes, while a few more advanced models employ two damage variables. Models with a single variable have an inherent difficulty in accounting for the damage accrued due to tensile and compressive actions in appropriately different manners, and their mutual dependencies. In the current models that adopt two damage variables, the independence of these damage variables during cyclic loading results in the failure to capture the effects of tensile damage on the compressive behavior of concrete and vice-versa. This study presents a cyclic model established by extending an existing monotonic constitutive model. The model describes the cyclic behavior of concrete under multiaxial loading conditions and considers the influence of tensile/compressive damage on the compressive/tensile response. The proposed model, dubbed the enhanced concrete damage plasticity model (ECDPM), is an extension of an existing model that combines the theories of classical plasticity and continuum damage mechanics. Unlike most prior studies on models in the same category, the performance of the proposed ECDPM is evaluated using experimental data on concrete specimens at the material level obtained under cyclic multiaxial loading conditions including uniaxial tension and confined compression. The performance of the model is observed to be satisfactory. Furthermore, the superiority of ECDPM over three previously proposed constitutive models is demonstrated through comparisons with the results of a uniaxial tension-compression test and a virtual test.

关键词： damage plasticity model     plain concrete     cyclic loading     multiaxial loading conditions    

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Simulation of blast induced crater in jointed rock mass by discontinuous deformation analysis method

Youjun NING, Xinmei AN, Jun YANG, Guowei MA,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 223-232 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0022-5

摘要： Rock blasting is a dynamic process accompanied with the propagations of shock waves and the dispersion of the explosion gas. This paper adopts the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method to simulate the rock blasting process. A dynamic parameter adjustment and the non-reflecting boundary condition are implemented in the DDA method. The sub-block DDA method to simulate fracture problems is used. The blasting process in jointed rock mass is simulated by application of the explosion gas pressure on the expanding borehole walls and induced connected fracture surfaces around the boreholes. The blast craters with different overburdens are derived. The whole process including the explosion gas dispersion, borehole expansion, rock mass failure and cast, and the formation of the final blasting piles in rock blasting are well reproduced numerically. Parametric study for different overburdens is carried out, and the results are analyzed and discussed.

关键词： blast crater     jointed rock mass     explosion gas pressure     discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method    

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Prediction of characteristic blast-induced vibration frequency during underground excavation by using

Tae Un PAK; Guk Rae JO; Un Chol HAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期   页码 1029-1039 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0861-x

摘要： Blast-induced vibration produces a very complex signal, and it is very important to work out environmental problems induced by blasting. In this study, blasting vibration signals were measured during underground excavation in carbonaceous shale by using vibration pickup CB-30 and FFT analyzer AD-3523. Then, wavelet analysis on the measured results was carried out to identify frequency bands reflecting changes of blasting vibration parameters such as vibration velocity and energy in different frequency bands. Frequency characteristics are then discussed in view of blast source distance and charge weight per delay. From analysis of results, it can be found that peak velocity and energy of blasting vibration in frequency band of 62.5–125 Hz were larger than ones in other bands, indicating the similarity to characteristics in the distribution band (31–130 Hz) of main vibration frequency. Most frequency bands were affected by blasting source distance, and the frequency band of 0–62.5 Hz reflected the change of charge weight per delay. By presenting a simplified method to predict main vibration frequency, this research may provide significant reference for future blasting engineering.

关键词： wavelet analysis     blast-induced vibration     frequency characteristics     underground excavation    

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Extension of pilot tests of cyanide elimination by ozone from blast furnace gas washing water through

Ismael Matino, Valentina Colla, Teresa A. Branca

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 718-730 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1771-2

摘要：

For improving wastewater quality, one of the dare of steelworks is reducing cyanide in wastewater of gas washing treatment of blast furnaces. Costs of existing treatments, stringent environmental regulations and changeable composition of water from gas treatment, have led to study how available treatments can be modified and to examine new ones. Ozonation is one of cyanide treatments, tested within a European project. A process model was set up with Aspen Plus®, to assess operating conditions and wastewater distinctive characteristics and to demonstrate treatment robustness. Process was modeled by theoretical reactors, taking into account all more affecting reactions. A genetic algorithm was exploited to find kinetic parameters of these reactions. After validation, the model was used to analyse scenarios, by considering also real contexts. Pilot tests were extended, process knowledge was enhanced and suggestions were obtained. To promote cyanide removal with ozone, temperature and pH values were 30°C and 10, respectively. With an ozone (mg/h)/water (L/h) ratio of 100 mg/L, batch mode ensure reaching cyanide regulation limit (0.2 mg/L) after maximum 4.5 h, if initial amount was less than 20 mg/L. Higher removal was obtained than in continuous mode due to constraints related to this last run. Higher wastewater contamination needed further time and more ozone.

关键词： blast furnace     cyanide removal     gas washing water     modeling and simulation     ozonation    

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Reconsideration on the effect of nitrogen on mixed culture polyhydroxyalkanoate production toward high organic loading

Zhiqiang Chen, Lizhi Zhao, Ye Ji, Qinxue Wen, Long Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1135-2

摘要：

Effect of nitrogen on mixed culture PHA production was reconsidered.

Enrichment history of PHA accumulating culture was discussed.

Higher PHA content and biomass growth were achieved in presence of nitrogen.

Enrichment strategy toward higher PHA accumulation was investigated.

Microbial community succession in PHA accumulation phase was investigated.

关键词： Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)     Organic loading rate     Nitrogen content     Biomass growth     Enrichment history    

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Effect of loading rate on shear strength parameters of mechanically and biologically treated waste

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1595-7

摘要：

● Mechanical behavior of MBT waste affected by loading rate was investigated.

关键词： Mechanically and biologically treated waste     Landfill     Triaxial test     Loading rate     Axial strain     Shear strength parameter    

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Axisymmetric loading on nanoscale multilayered media

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 152-164 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0895-0

摘要： Multilayered nanoscale structures are used in several applications. Because the effect of surface energy becomes nontrivial at such a small scale, a modified continuum theory is required to accurately predict their mechanical behaviors. A Gurtin–Murdoch continuum model of surface elasticity is implemented to establish a computational scheme for investigating an elastic multilayered system under axisymmetric loads with the incorporation of surface/interface energy. Each layer stiffness matrix is derived based on the general solutions of stresses and displacements obtained in the form of the Hankel integral transform. Numerical solutions to the global equation, which are formulated based on the continuity conditions of tractions and displacements across interfaces between layers, yield the displacements at each layer interface and on the top surface of the multilayered medium. The numerical solutions indicate that the elastic responses of multilayered structures are affected significantly by the surface material properties of both the top surface and interfaces, and that they become size dependent. In addition, the indentation problem of a multilayered nanoscale elastic medium under a rigid frictionless cylindrical punch is investigated to demonstrate the application of the proposed solution scheme.

关键词： functionally graded layer     Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity     multilayered medium     size dependency     stiffness matrix    

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Data-driven approach to solve vertical drain under time-dependent loading

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 696-711 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0727-7

摘要： Currently, the vertical drain consolidation problem is solved by numerous analytical solutions, such as time-dependent solutions and linear or parabolic radial drainage in the smear zone, and no artificial intelligence (AI) approach has been applied. Thus, in this study, a new hybrid model based on deep neural networks (DNNs), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed to solve this problem. The DNN can effectively simulate any sophisticated equation, and the PSO and GA can optimize the selected DNN and improve the performance of the prediction model. In the present study, analytical solutions to vertical drains in the literature are incorporated into the DNN–PSO and DNN–GA prediction models with three different radial drainage patterns in the smear zone under time-dependent loading. The verification performed with analytical solutions and measurements from three full-scale embankment tests revealed promising applications of the proposed approach.

关键词： vertical drain     artificial neural network     time-dependent loading     deep learning network     genetic algorithm     particle swarm optimization    

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Comparison and harmonization of building wind loading codes among the Asia-Pacific Economies

Yaojun GE, Shuyang CAO, Xinyang JIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 402-410 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0230-x

摘要： This paper reviews wind loading codes and standards in the Asia-Pacific Region, in particular in the 15 countries and areas. A general description of wind loading model is given as a famous wind loading chain described by four variables including velocity pressure, exposure factor, pressure coefficient, and gust response factor. Through the APEC-WW Workshops and the extensive calculations for three examples of low, medium and high rise buildings, these four important variables of wind loads are evaluated and compared with statistical parameters, mean values and coefficients of variation. The main results of the comparison show some differences among the 15 economies, and the reasons and further incorporation are discussed and suggested.

关键词： wind loading     codification     velocity pressure     exposure factor     pressure coefficient     gust response factor    

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Solution to economic dispatch problem with valve-point loading effect by using catfish PSO algorithm

K. MURALI,T. JAYABARATHI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 290-296 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0305-y

摘要： This paper proposes application of a catfish particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to economic dispatch (ED) problems. The ED problems considered in this paper include valve-point loading effect, power balance constraints, and generator limits. The conventional PSO and catfish PSO algorithms are applied to three different test systems and the solutions obtained are compared with each other and with those reported in literature. The comparison of solutions shows that catfish PSO outperforms the conventional PSO and other methods in terms of solution quality though there is a slight increase in computational time.

关键词： economic dispatch (ED)     valve point loading     catfish particle swarm optimization (PSO)     optimization    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Performance of soft-hard-soft (SHS) cement based composite subjected to blast loading with consideration

Jun WU,Xuemei LIU

期刊论文

Dynamic failure analysis of concrete dams under air blast using coupled Euler-Lagrange finite element

Farhoud KALATEH

期刊论文

Development of dimensionless P-I diagram for curved SCS sandwich shell subjected to uniformly distributed blast

Yonghui WANG, Ximei ZHAI

期刊论文

Dynamic material performance of cold-formed steel hollow sections: a state-of-the-art review

Cameron B. RITCHIE, Jeffrey A. PACKER, Xiao-Ling ZHAO, Amin HEIDARPOUR, Yiyi CHEN

期刊论文

Simplified theoretical analysis and numerical study on the dynamic behavior of FCP under blast loads

Chunfeng ZHAO, Xin YE, Avinash GAUTAM, Xin LU, Y. L. MO

期刊论文

enhanced damage plasticity model for predicting the cyclic behavior of plain concrete under multiaxial loading

Mohammad Reza AZADI KAKAVAND, Ertugrul TACIROGLU

期刊论文

Simulation of blast induced crater in jointed rock mass by discontinuous deformation analysis method

Youjun NING, Xinmei AN, Jun YANG, Guowei MA,

期刊论文

Prediction of characteristic blast-induced vibration frequency during underground excavation by using

Tae Un PAK; Guk Rae JO; Un Chol HAN

期刊论文

Extension of pilot tests of cyanide elimination by ozone from blast furnace gas washing water through

Ismael Matino, Valentina Colla, Teresa A. Branca

期刊论文

Reconsideration on the effect of nitrogen on mixed culture polyhydroxyalkanoate production toward high organic loading

Zhiqiang Chen, Lizhi Zhao, Ye Ji, Qinxue Wen, Long Huang

期刊论文

Effect of loading rate on shear strength parameters of mechanically and biologically treated waste

期刊论文

Axisymmetric loading on nanoscale multilayered media

期刊论文

Data-driven approach to solve vertical drain under time-dependent loading

期刊论文

Comparison and harmonization of building wind loading codes among the Asia-Pacific Economies

Yaojun GE, Shuyang CAO, Xinyang JIN

期刊论文

Solution to economic dispatch problem with valve-point loading effect by using catfish PSO algorithm

K. MURALI,T. JAYABARATHI

期刊论文